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Author: Felix Sommermann

  1. Keynesian Economics: Demand, Stimulus and the State Keynesian economics is the theory, developed by John Maynard Keynes in his 1936 General Theory, that total spending (aggregate demand) drives output and employment… Economy & Society · 6 min
  2. Globalization: Seven Dimensions of a Connected World Globalization is the process by which economies, societies and governments around the world become more connected through flows of trade, money, people and ideas.… Economy & Society · 6 min
  3. Mutually Assured Destruction: The Conditions That Make It Work Mutually assured destruction (MAD) is the condition in which two nuclear-armed states can each destroy the other even after absorbing a surprise attack. Because… Security · 6 min
  4. Judicial Review: How Courts Check the Other Branches Judicial review is the power of a court to examine a law or a government action and set it aside if it conflicts with… Law · 6 min
  5. Isolationism: What It Means and How It Shaped American Foreign Policy Isolationism is a foreign policy that keeps a country out of the political affairs, alliances and wars of other nations. In the United States… Foreign Policy · 6 min
  6. Realpolitik: From Bismarck to Kissinger, and the Argument Over What It Means Realpolitik is an approach to politics and foreign policy guided by the actual distribution of power and by concrete national interests, rather than by… Foreign Policy · 6 min
  7. Allen Drury and the Washington Novel: Roger Kaplan’s Essay Explained Roger Kaplan argued in 1999 that Allen Drury's Advise and Consent (1959) invented the modern Washington novel and remains the one book of the… Essay guide · 6 min
  8. What Is Cruel and Unusual Punishment? Benjamin Wittes’s Answer In a 2005 Policy Review essay, Benjamin Wittes argued that the Supreme Court's 'evolving standards of decency' test left the Eighth Amendment without a… Essay guide · 6 min
  9. Anti-Semitism and Ethnicity in Europe: John Rosenthal’s 2003 Argument In a 2003 Policy Review essay, John Rosenthal argued that anti-Semitism in Europe was underreported, homegrown rather than simply imported, and echoed by parts… Essay guide · 6 min
  10. Peacekeepers, Inc.: P. W. Singer on Privatized Peacekeeping In 2003 P. W. Singer asked whether private military firms should take over peacekeeping when governments will not send troops. He saw real gains… Essay guide · 6 min